Deck Log Book Entries: Полное руководство по заполнению судового журнала

Deck Log Book Entries: Судовой журнал (Deck Log Book) — это главный юридический документ на борту. Качество и своевременность записей в нем напрямую влияют на успешное прохождение веттинг-инспекций и защиту интересов судна в спорных ситуациях.

Ниже представлен подробный сборник рекомендаций и стандартных фраз (Deck Log Book entries), составленный на основе требований конвенций (SOLAS, STCW) и стандартов OCIMF.

Основные правила (General Requirements)

ALL ENTRIES HAVE TO BE MADE IN CLEAR CAPITAL LETTERS IN BLUE INK. CORRECTION FLUID SHOULD NEVER BE USED, CORRECTIONS CAN BE DONE BY ACCURATELY CROSSING WRONG ENTRY.

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1. Ежевахтенные записи (Every Watch Deck Log Book Entries)

Каждую вахту в журнал вносятся следующие стандартные записи:

• Bridge watch level (I, II or III) with names of helmsman and lookout as applicable.

• Time and position of Bridge watch level change.

• Ch. List Nav Change of nav. watch completed.

• Position fixes with interval in accordance with passage plan (Visual and radar position fixing and monitoring techniques should be used whenever possible).

• Courses steered and time of alterations in course.

• Movements of the vessel in the sea, rolling, pitching, etc.

• Weather observations and significant changes in the weather.

• Details of abnormal events or conditions.

• Manual Steering should be tested at least once a watch when automatic pilot is in use.

• E/R attended / unattended (+ UMS Log Book).

• Safety/Security Rounds were done by previous watch.

• Nav Bridge Equipment Ch. List completed (once per day).

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2. Приход и Лоцманская проводка (Arrival / Pilotage Deck Log Book Entries)

Полный цикл записей от подготовки к прибытию до окончания швартовки.

Arrival

• Engine Room attended, ME tested and set to manoeuvring mode (at least 1 hr before arrival).

• Pre-arrival Ch. Lists Nav completed. All equipment found in good working condition.

• Ch. List Nav Navigation in Coastal Waters completed.

• Master in conn, change of Bridge Watch level to No. II, name of lookout Mr. Trainee.

• BNWAS de-activated.

• End of Sea Passage.

• Manual steering engaged.

• Pilot ladder rigged and visually inspected, Pilot boarding arrangements checked – all ok.

• Pilot on board, name of pilot Mr. Pilot.

• Change of Bridge Watch level to No. III.

• Master-Pilot information exchange carried out, Ch. Lists Nav completed.

• Passed breakwater (if applicable).

• Pre-mooring operations meeting with mooring personnel carried out.

• Mooring stations manned, mooring equipment tested and found in good working condition.

• Bow Thruster tested — ok.

• Tug(s) made fast, stating location and tug(s) name.

• First line ashore.

• Tug(s) away.

• All fast, finish with engine and bow thruster.

• Arrival condition: Drafts fwd/aft, bunker IFO/MGO, FW and displacement.

• Accommodation ladder visually inspected – ok.

• Gangway down, pilot disembarked.

GMDSS Log Book (Arrival)

• When closing the radio station/watch – same shall be recorded as per STCW Code Part 4-3 (19,20).

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3. Отход судна (Departure Deck Log Book Entries)

Список действий и записей для безопасного выхода в рейс.

Departure

• Steering Gear Tested (within 12 hrs before departure).

• All crew members on board (1 hr before departure).

• Stowaway search carried out, no stowaways and/or suspicious objects found.

• Departure condition: Cargo loaded, Drafts fwd/aft, bunker IFO/MGO, FW and displacement.

• Pre-departure Ch. List Nav completed. All equipment found in good working condition.

• Ch. List Navigation in Coastal Waters completed.

• ME tested ahead/astern, Bow Thruster tested – ok.

• Pre-mooring operations meeting with mooring personnel carried out.

• Mooring stations manned, mooring equipment tested and found in good working condition.

• Master in conn, Bridge Watch level No. III, name of lookout Mr. XXXXXX.

• Pilot on board, name of pilot Mr. Pilot.

• Master-Pilot information exchange carried out, Ch. Lists Nav completed.

• Tug(s) made fast, stating location and tug(s) name.

• Last line on board, departed berth.

• Tug(s) away.

• Pilot ladder rigged and visually inspected, Pilot boarding arrangements checked – all ok.

• Passed breakwater (if applicable).

• Pilot disembarked.

• Change of Bridge Watch level to No. II.

• Start of Sea Passage.

• Auto steering engaged.

• Change of Bridge Watch level to No. I, OOW in command.

• BNWAS activated, alarm time setting — min.

GMDSS Log Book (Departure)

• All pre departure tests as per STCW Code Part 4-3 (14) completed. All distress and safety radio equipment (EPIRB, SART, VHF) and the reserve source of energy are in efficient working condition.

• On sailing while the station opened all records as per STCW Code Part 4-3 (15,16) requirements.

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4. Якорные операции (Anchorage Deck Log Book Entries)

Четкая фиксация постановки и съемки с якоря.

• Time when anchor is dropped (Nav. Lights changes, AIS status updated).

• Port/Stbd anchor is use, quantity of shackles in the water.

• Actual depth from the navigational chart, corrected for relevant tide and actual depth as per echo sounder to be recorded once anchored.

• Nature of bottom to be recorded.

• Reference control bearings to be taken from the fixed objects.

• Bridge watch level I.

• Security watch fwd/aft and hourly security rounds (if applicable).

• Before departure from anchorage all tests and check as per Departure section of this document.

• Time commenced heaving up anchor.

• Anchor aweigh, anchor clear.

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5. Еженедельные проверки (Weekly Deck Log Book Entries)

• All LSA and FFE weekly/monthly checks carried out as per SOLAS regulations.

• All SCBA checked for leakage.

• All Fireman’s outfits are on proper place in good order.

• L/B and rescue boat Engines were tested run ahead/astern for a period 3 min. OK.

• Weekly test of Fire Alarm system was done.

• Test of Emergency Diesel Generator was done.

• Drills as per QDMS schedule.

• Weekly Inspection of Accommodation, Galley and Provision Space.

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Дополнительная информация и рекомендации

Помимо стандартных процедур, важно учитывать следующие аспекты ведения Deck Log Book entries:

Что записывать перед началом рейса (Before commencing the voyage)

Details of all data relating to the general condition of the ship should be acknowledged and recorded:

• Manning and provisioning.

• Cargo aboard.

• Draught, result of stability/stress checks when conducted.

• Inspections of controls, the steering gear and navigational and radio communication equipment.

• Stowaway and contraband search.

Навигационная информация (Information related to navigation)

Details related to the voyage should be recorded:

• Courses steered and distances sailed.

• Position fixings, weather and sea conditions.

• Changes to the voyage plan.

• Details of pilots’ embarkation/disembarkation.

• Entry into areas covered by, and compliance with, ship routeing or reporting systems.

• A permanent record shall be kept containing all sight reduction computations used to fix the vessel’s position, as well as all azimuthal computations used to determine compass error.

Особые случаи (On special events)

Details on special events should be recorded, such as:

• Death and injuries among passengers and crew.

• Malfunctions of shipboard equipment and aids to navigation.

• Potentially hazardous situations.

• Emergencies and distress messages received.

Юридическая сила (Legal Value of Logbooks)

A number of different types of logbooks will be kept on board every vessel (official log, deck or mate’s log, engine room log, rough logs, radio log, sick bay log).

Important: Judges and arbitrators place great evidential value on these logs as a contemporaneous record of the vessel. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that all log books are maintained in an orderly manner and fully and accurately record all relevant factual information. Movement books, bell books, or any other type of rough logs are also important items of evidence and should be maintained in a neat and orderly manner.

Аккуратность и исправления (Erasures and Corrections)

The Master should ensure that the officers and crew are aware of the importance of a logbook.

• Entries should always be written neatly in ink.

• If a mistake is made: a single line should be drawn through the relevant passage. The correct entry should then be written beside the error and the change initiated by the officer making the change.

• Never erase: Words should never be erased, either by rubbing out or by painting with erasing fluid. Erasures appear suspicious when logbooks are examined by the opposing party to a dispute. Furthermore, a judge or arbitrator examining a logbook which has many erasures and is untidy may draw adverse inferences about the way a vessel is generally maintained.

Сохранение записей (Preservation of Records)

In order to be able to restore a complete record of the voyage:

1. Each page of the ship’s log-book should have a page number printed on it.

2. The times used in automatic and permanent recording facilities should be synchronized by using a common clock.

3. Electronically or mechanically input records should be protected by means to prevent them from being deleted, destroyed or overwritten.

4. Irrespective of the method of recording, ships should keep records for as long as the Administration concerned requires, provided the fixed period is not less than five years.

Подписи (Signatures)

The officer of the watch should sign the Log book under the remarks made for his/her watch period. The Master should sign the Deck Log Book at the end of each day.

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Топ-5 ошибок при ведении журнала (Vetting Inspector’s Red Flags)

При проверках инспекторы часто обращают внимание на мелочи, которые могут указывать на слабую культуру безопасности. Избегайте следующих ошибок:

1. «Карандашная» болезнь (Pencil entries): Никогда не делайте предварительные записи карандашом, чтобы потом обвести их ручкой. Это легко обнаруживается и считается фальсификацией. Пишите сразу ручкой или используйте черновик (Scrap Log).

2. Пропущенные строки (Empty lines): Не оставляйте пустых строк между записями или в конце вахты. Пустое место должно быть перечеркнуто, чтобы никто не смог вписать информацию «задним числом».

3. Неправильное исправление ошибок (Improper corrections): Замазывание корректором (White-out) или жирное заштриховывание текста — грубейшее нарушение. Ошибка должна быть зачеркнута одной тонкой линией, рядом написаны верные данные и поставлена подпись офицера (initials).

4. Отсутствие подписей (Missing signatures): Частая ошибка — вахтенный помощник забывает расписаться в конце своей смены, или Капитан пропускает ежедневную подпись внизу страницы.

5. Записи «под копирку» (Repetitive entries): Избегайте автоматического копирования одинаковых фраз из вахты в вахту (например, «Vessel rolling and pitching easily»). Если погода изменилась или качка прекратилась, запись должна соответствовать реальности. Инспекторы сверяют журнал с данными погоды (Weather Log).